1. The first percutaneous sacral nerve stimulation study was performed in 1988. 2. The canal lodges the sacral nerves , via the anterior and posterior sacral foramina. 3. It gives attachment to the anterior sacrococcygeal ligament and the fifth sacral nerve . 4. Less commonly ectasia of the sacral nerve root sheaths may occur. 5. While there may be some benefit they appear less useful than implanted sacral nerve stimulators. 6. The related procedure of sacral nerve stimulation is for the control of incontinence in able-bodied patients. 7. Percutaneous sacral nerve root stimulation was able to produce statistically significant improvements in several parameters, including pain. 8. Recently the novel therapy of sacral nerve stimulation ( SNS ) has been utilized for the treatment of severe constipation. 9. Not only brain, but also spine pathology such as cervical spine fractures, syringomyelia, and sacral nerve root neurinomas have been evaluated. 10. The generator is attached to a thin lead wire with a small electrode tip which is anchored near the sacral nerve .
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